https://www.charlesherrickbooks.com/blog-1-1 daily 0.75 2026-03-19 https://www.charlesherrickbooks.com/blog-1-1/omaha-bombardment-part-iiia-after-action-summaries monthly 0.5 2026-03-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/16283c46-fd8c-4706-9c68-1083d7e27b65/USS+Texas+March+1943.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part IIIa: After Action Summaries - Make it stand out USS Texas, March 1943 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/72c265cb-febd-4a68-81ba-3f7fb45da81f/Ship+Positions.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part IIIa: After Action Summaries - Make it stand out Figure 1. Bombardment Group ship positions during the pre-H-Hour bombardment. [Yellow pins: position located by range and bearing from a specified point. Green Pins: positions generally located by range from a specified point, but no bearing. Red pins: no firm data on position.] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/ef72a438-6bae-408e-8825-67c039f821d8/Glasgow_C21.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part IIIa: After Action Summaries - Make it stand out HMS Glasgow https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/975f009f-66d6-43b7-8d9c-c1cc56082595/USS_Satterlee+September1943.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part IIIa: After Action Summaries - Make it stand out USS Satterlee, September 1943 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/d8ed8da8-c300-4915-8cce-4886852d4307/HMS+Tallybont.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part IIIa: After Action Summaries - Make it stand out HMS Talybont https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/3f11d923-0e18-442e-a7b3-f8ac1706d5fe/USS_Thompson+May+1944.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part IIIa: After Action Summaries - Make it stand out USS Thompson, May 1943 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/1e246277-2ccc-40f4-b07a-e97b8553b568/USS_McCook+1943.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part IIIa: After Action Summaries - Make it stand out USS McCook, 1943 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/52f667f9-83b5-4cf4-bbed-3a82af73d577/USS+Carnick%2C+December+1942.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part IIIa: After Action Summaries - Make it stand out USS Carmick, December 1942 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/6abc073d-402c-4a03-907d-7e379e47054d/USS+Arkansas+April+1944.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part IIIa: After Action Summaries - Make it stand out USS Arkansas, April 1944 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/9544dcf0-b2c7-4a6e-a4f1-506f540d2600/HMS+Tanatside.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part IIIa: After Action Summaries - Make it stand out HMS Tanatside https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/1f225551-5495-474f-a201-269a22a3d0a5/FS+Georges+Leygues.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part IIIa: After Action Summaries - Make it stand out FS Georges Leygues https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/a212facc-59f3-4b20-b3bc-6d865821e658/French_Cruiser_Montcalm_19-N-48998.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part IIIa: After Action Summaries - Make it stand out FS Montcalm https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/b87bb5a8-3e60-4720-83b0-0191a037d104/USS+Emmons+November1943.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part IIIa: After Action Summaries - Make it stand out USS Emmons, November 1943 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/c21da963-0d18-47d0-b7db-4fbdb5d1f83b/USS+Baldwin+March+1944.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part IIIa: After Action Summaries - Make it stand out USS Baldwin, March 1944 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/93ed031e-3dac-4f8d-83bc-869fa348ef0f/USS+Harding+October+1943.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part IIIa: After Action Summaries - Make it stand out USS Harding, October 1943 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/106338a5-3501-4536-b457-48ab658a09d7/USS+Doyle%2C+January+1943.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part IIIa: After Action Summaries - Make it stand out USS Doyle, January 1943 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/c8eda132-fecf-4dab-9cb3-8f26a21f1b53/HMS+Melbreak.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part IIIa: After Action Summaries - Make it stand out HMS Melbreak https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/47ea2ed8-ea8f-4437-9a30-e95bdbce3a6c/Augusta+1945.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part IIIa: After Action Summaries - Make it stand out USS Augusta, August 1945 https://www.charlesherrickbooks.com/blog-1-1/omaha-bombardment-part-iii-the-execution monthly 0.5 2026-03-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/29c869f7-6538-4157-9c0b-403d8f53b9b5/Ammunition+Expenditure.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part III: The Execution - Make it stand out Figure 1. This table depicts the ammunition allocations and expenditures for the ships of the Bombardment Group for the H-40 to H-Hour bombardment. The right two columns include data for only those ships with beach neutralization fire missions. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/8f042515-db2b-4fa6-b017-22e09fb7e278/Ship+Positions.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part III: The Execution - Make it stand out Figure 2. Bombardment Group ship positions during the pre-H-Hour bombardment. [Yellow pins: position located by range and bearing from a specified point. Green Pins: positions generally located by range from a specified point, but no bearing. Red pins: no firm data on position.] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/46929406-1169-46d6-abb5-3d2684386637/Assault+By+Acronym.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part III: The Execution - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/e9e4cd5d-67e2-415f-9ac6-60259fa1eb75/Combined+Targeting+Overlay.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part III: The Execution - Make it stand out Figure 3. This combined targeting chart shows that all 13 air bombardment aimpoints coincided with naval bombardment targets. Therefore none of the defenses should have been left untouched, as RADM Hall stated, due to the delay in releasing bombs. Every position still should have been neutralized by what Hall characterized as effective naval bombardment. https://www.charlesherrickbooks.com/blog-1-1/omaha-bombardment-part-ii-the-plan monthly 0.5 2026-03-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/4e656293-b1e3-44c6-8717-3bd8164f4aab/Omaha+Chart.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part II: The Plan - Make it stand out Figure 1. Taken from the Fire Support Annex of the CTF-124 Operation Orde, this figure depicts the organization of the offshore waters at the Omaha Assault Area. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/35fe3b73-5be8-4e01-88e3-716a91d88705/German+Coastal+Batteries%2C+Neptune+Plan+1A+annotated.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part II: The Plan - Make it stand out Figure 2. This map shows the major coastal artillery batteries and their range fans. The Omaha Transport Area lay just inside where the range fans for the Pointe du Hoc (the red circle) and Longues-sur-Mer (the blue circle) batteries intersected. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/b7218d54-576b-4b6f-a1d7-d7eb1dba3dd4/Battleships+and+Cruisers.png Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part II: The Plan - Make it stand out Figure 3. Targets assigned to the main batteries of the battleships and light cruisers. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/6ca8dc7e-216a-4a21-b7c6-d8deb194777a/Five+and+Four+Inch+Guns.png Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part II: The Plan - Make it stand out Figure 4. Targets assigned to the destroyers and the secondary batteries of the battleships. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/3338cd77-587b-475e-9303-5bcff0bc62e6/Gun+Allocation.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part II: The Plan - Make it stand out Figure 5. This chart shows how the guns of the Bombardment Group were allocated missions for the pre-H-Hour preparatory fires phase. Forty-one of the 132 guns were not allocated to either of the two primary tasks during that phase. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/8477be80-3c80-46a6-978c-b2aef2e6de9f/LCTs+and+LCGs.png Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part II: The Plan - Make it stand out Figure 6. Targets assigned to the LCT(R)s, LCG(L)s, self-propelled artillery and PatrolCraft. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/d042279a-3661-486f-a8a2-f495d6b3ea62/Regelbau+227.png Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part II: The Plan - Make it stand out Figure 7. An example of a German gun casemate with the embrasure protected by a ‘wing’ of blast wall. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/029b195e-ef87-470d-ba74-fb045951af2b/Gun+Target+Lines+02.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part II: The Plan - Make it stand out Figure 8. An overhead view of WN62. The blue lines show the orientation of the protective blast walls that shielded the embrasures. The blast walls were about 15-20 yards long. The orange arrows show the principal directions of fire for the 75mm guns. The red and yellow lines represent the gun-target lines for destroyers Baldwin and Emmons, respectively. Based on their positions offshore, these destroyers had little chance to neutralize these bunkers or other west-facing emplacements. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/c65f4e66-3fb9-436f-aa6e-1f55ed9ca81f/Gun+Target+Lines.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part II: The Plan - Make it stand out Figure 9. Actual and alternate positions and gun-target lines for HMS Tanaside. The yellow line for the Tanatside shows the distance the ship closed while firing and the red line points to its target at WN65. The blue line from WN65 indicates the direction of the blast wall protecting the east-facing bunker. Had the Tanatside been able to start firing from closer inshore, it could have obtained a much better firing line on the bunker. The proposed alternate position shown for the Tanatside was still 4,000 yards offshore (3,500 yards closer inshore than its actual position). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/dec96de2-0926-4052-88c6-fac46e2aeafe/Combined+Bombardment.png Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part II: The Plan - Make it stand out Figure 10. This figure depicts the combined targeting from all naval bombardment ships and craft (except the LCS(S)s). While it appears comprehensive, many details would combine to substantially reduce the potential effects of the bombardment plan. https://www.charlesherrickbooks.com/blog-1-1/omaha-bombardment-part-i-setting-the-stage monthly 0.5 2026-03-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/300f14ec-5035-4c0b-baa6-1cf8e9330e84/80-G-63542.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part I: Setting the Stage - Make it stand out American Battleship USS Texas (BB-35) off Norfolk, Virginia in March 1944. The Texas was one of two WWI-era battleships assigned to Assault Force O at Omaha. She mounted ten 14-inch guns in five double turrets, and six 5-inch guns in casemate mounts. (NARA 80-G-63542) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/093cc666-cea6-4d70-9675-1660aa15043e/Glasgow_C21.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part I: Setting the Stage - Make it stand out HMS Glasgow (C21), a British Town class light cruiser assigned to Assault Force O at Omaha. She mounted twelve 6-inch guns in four triple mounts. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/b20aecdb-e4dc-4a20-8f82-6566c204e433/French_Cruiser_Montcalm_19-N-48998.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part I: Setting the Stage - Make it stand out The Montcalm, one of two French La Galissonnière class light cruisers assigned to Assault Force O at Omaha. She mounted nine 6-inch guns in three triple turrets. (NARA 19-N-48998) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/f204141e-3a7f-41fe-93c3-ada9139edb00/0562408.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part I: Setting the Stage - Make it stand out American destroyer USS Satterlee (DD-625). The Satterlee was one of nine Gleaves class fleet destroyers assigned to Assault Force O at Omaha. The Gleaves class destroyers mounted either four or five 5-inch guns in single mounts. The Satterlee is picture here in Belfast Lough three weeks before D-Day. In the background are two more Gleaves class destroyers; all three ships were part of Destroyer Squadron 18 (DESRON18). (NARA 80-G-367828) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/7614b9b1-3b79-4f1c-911d-f8dc365560d0/HMS+Tallybont.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part I: Setting the Stage - Make it stand out The British escort destroyer HMS Tallybont, one of three Hunt Class (Type III) escort destroyers assigned to Assault Force O. These Hunt class escort destroyers mounted four 4-inch guns in two twin turrets. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/855765ea-7faf-4808-b05b-590911ed680a/Ship+Task+Org.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part I: Setting the Stage - Make it stand out Figure 1. A comparison of the original bombardment ships allocated to the Omaha Assault Force under ON 8 and the final allocation as shown in the CTF 122 operation Plan. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/a3c5f56a-2347-4822-8caf-eeea729fda3f/Gunpower.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part I: Setting the Stage - Make it stand out Figure 2. A summary of the type and number of bombardment guns available on the battleships, cruisers and destroyers allocated to the Omaha Assault Force. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/b41e8525-cd6d-4194-af72-8dd4bc357b53/B-24.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Bombardment. Part I: Setting the Stage - Make it stand out B-24 heavy bombers, such as this one, were incorporated into the bombardment plan for Omaha Beach. https://www.charlesherrickbooks.com/blog-1-1/the-duplex-drive-tanks-of-omaha-beach-part-f-conclusions-and-final-thoughts monthly 0.5 2025-11-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/0433a6a6-f1f6-483f-936d-d72068cda17d/DD+Tank+01.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (f) Conclusions and Final Thoughts - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/a0070508-7d00-4263-8b64-1b0965649af0/Needed+Fix.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (f) Conclusions and Final Thoughts - Make it stand out An Extract from Commander, 3rd Armored Group memo to MG Huebner, Commander, 1st Infantry Division, addressing DD tank training. This paragraph highlights the deficiencies of the newly arrived duplex drive Sherman conversions. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/583b474b-921b-43ef-85ad-cf2885b2f442/BiF+34+Original+C.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (f) Conclusions and Final Thoughts - Make it stand out Two of three DD tanks landed directly on Easy Red Beach Sector by Ensign Henry Sullivan’s LCT-600. Photo by Robert Capa. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/720ba25b-6b74-45ba-bf3d-e4d1b77c748b/DD+Tanks+04.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (f) Conclusions and Final Thoughts - Make it stand out DD Tanks on the Beach at Utah. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/ce24a702-e89a-4fcf-b5c8-71030cdc48b3/DD+Tank+03.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (f) Conclusions and Final Thoughts - Make it stand out A DD tank mired in soft ground at Gold Beach. https://www.charlesherrickbooks.com/blog-1-1/the-duplex-drive-tanks-of-omaha-beach-part-e-success-at-the-dog-beaches monthly 0.5 2025-11-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/19b2f45e-5015-4272-9481-21a9af6dfd83/Burton+Hartman.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (e) Success at the Dog Beaches - Make it stand out The Price of a Beachhead. Knocked out Duplex Drive tank of the 743rd Tank Battalion and casualties from the 29th Infantry Division, astride the seawall near the boundary of Dog Green and Dog White. This never-before-published photo was taken by Tech/3 Burton Hartman, Detachment Q, 165th Signal Photo Company, and is used here with the permission of his son, Barry. It’s believed to have been taken early D+2. (Copyright protected, use without the permission of Barry Harman is forbidden) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/899ad4c7-797c-4e27-9912-9019ed440dae/Acronym+2.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (e) Success at the Dog Beaches - As discussed in the previous installment, the initial 4 June sortie had been halted and turned around due to an unfavorable weather forecast for 5 June, the original invasion date. The false start helped the DD/LCT force as it permitted hasty repairs to some ramp gear that had been damaged in the initial sortie, as well as replacing one LCT engine. The false start had also demonstrated to Rockwell that the revised sailing formation had placed Lt.(jg) Barry in a position from which it was impossible to control the eight LCTs in his division.[2] Less than 3 hours prior to the second sortie, Rockwell switched the officers in charge (OICs) of two LCTs, placing Barry at the lead of his force.[3] It was good decision, but made far too late, and was to add to the confusion in that division on D-Day. Rockwell was spared that confusion within his own division. Unlike Barry (who was assigned as the OIC of LCT-537) Rockwell was the commander of an LCT group and was not the OIC of a vessel. To cope with the new sailing formation, he could shift his flag from craft to craft without disrupting the internal chain of command of his LCTs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/2dc48d34-25cf-4a5b-b7f6-c74634f69488/Convoy+Routes.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (e) Success at the Dog Beaches - Make it stand out Figure 1. The D-Day Convoy Routes. This chart shows how convoys from all of the invasion points converged at Point Z (ZED) near the Isle of Wight before turning towards the coast of France. Although necessary due to the short time allotted minesweeping, the narrowness of the lanes resulted in jammed and confused traffic. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/e3e08158-8fba-4055-ac20-90036b8cc8cf/Assault+Area+Chart.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (e) Success at the Dog Beaches - Make it stand out Figure 2. Omaha Beach and Surrounding Waters. This is a detail from the Omaha Assault Area Diagram which was contained in the Assault Group O-2/CTG 124.4 operation order. I’ve added colored notes and graphics to highlight items discussed in the article. The red arrows depict Rockwell’s DD/LCT division’s movements. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/71008852-74e9-436b-a56c-8a22e9f7a94e/Maneuver+Terms.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (e) Success at the Dog Beaches - Make it stand out Figure 3. Deciphering Directions. Maneuver terms may be hard to visualize for those not familiar with military matters. This picture shows how Rockwell’s division of LCTs changed formations from Point K to the beach. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/3c44ba7e-0773-4f23-9141-7e628edd7d0f/Beaching+Locations.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (e) Success at the Dog Beaches - Make it stand out Figure 4. The Landing. This image illustrates the beaching positions of Rockwell’s eight LCTs. The dashed LCT icons show the beach sectors they were intended to land on. The solid LCT icons represent the approximate sectors where they did beach - based on my interpretation of conflicting sources. https://www.charlesherrickbooks.com/blog-1-1/the-duplex-drive-tanks-of-omaha-beach-d-the-debacle-off-easy-red-and-fox-green monthly 0.5 2025-11-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/16e84b88-7a02-45cd-8b34-76138b38b340/M4A1+Sherman+DD+Tank.png Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (d) The Debacle Off Easy Red and Fox Green - Make it stand out An M4A1 Sherman DD tank that sank in 90 feet of water off Omaha Beach on D-Day. It is on display at the Musee des Epaves Sous-Marines du Debarquement, Port-en-Bessin-Huppain, France [Copyright Normandybunkers.com- image used with permission.] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/620ad954-c040-4a25-866e-3c2d81e191d5/Picture1.png.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (d) The Debacle Off Easy Red and Fox Green - This was very much a last-minute change. Barry noted he took over LCT-549 on 5 June, and as it turned out, the DD/LCTs sortied for the second time between 0230 and 0300 hours on that same date.[4] At most he had two hours to adjust to his new craft and crew, not to mention his new position in formation. The positioning mix-up was due to a new approach formation specified in the Assault Group O-1 order, which was issued on 29 May, at least four days after the DD tanks had been embarked. Apparently, Rockwell did not foresee the ramifications of that change and only realized the error during the aborted 4 June sortie. It was not the kind of start to inspire confidence. One can only imagine the confusion in the minds of Barry and his old and new crews (and the rest of his division for that matter) to see the command structure shuffled at this point. Though not in itself a fatal move, it was the latest in a series of mistakes which plagued the DD/LCT operation. When the second sortie got underway, the confusion was far greater, as this time the vessels of the refugee Utah Beach convoy added to the jam. The Omaha and Utah convoys became thoroughly intermixed. As Lieutenant Commander (LCDR) William Leide (commanding the 55 LCTs of Assault Group O-2) reported: https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/306185dc-4400-4ceb-84a9-ce808ef8c0b7/Approach.png Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (d) The Debacle Off Easy Red and Fox Green - Make it stand out This operations overlay was included in RADM Hall’s order for CTF 124. It shows the organization of the sea off of Omaha Beach. I’ve added colored graphics to illustrate the separate movement of Rockwell’s division (blue) and Barry’s division (green) as well as the path of Barry’s two ‘lost’ LCTs (dashed green) that carried CPT Thornton. I also add notes to show the Line of Departure and the approximate location of the 6,000 yard line. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/d34ba0e4-deff-4c2e-a432-ef60fd087bb8/BiF+34+Original+C.png Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (d) The Debacle Off Easy Red and Fox Green - Make it stand out A photo of Easy Red Beach Sector showing two of the three DD Tanks from Ens Sullivan’s LCT-600, which were landed directly on the beach. The third tank is out of frame to the left. This photo was taken by Life photographer Robert Capa at about 0830 hours. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/444f84fc-f808-48c8-85b3-84ec5f844bdb/Wind+and+sea+state.png Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (d) The Debacle Off Easy Red and Fox Green - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/91f0714a-12bc-442a-ad03-130d248891ff/M4A4+Canadian+Sherman+DD+Tank.png Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (d) The Debacle Off Easy Red and Fox Green - Make it stand out Another salvaged DD tank. This one is an M4A4 Sherman DD tank that was recovered from the ocean after 27 years. It belonged to the 6th Canadian Armoured Regiment (First Hussars) and sank off Juno Beach. It is on display in the town of Courseulles-sur-Mer France [Copyright Normandybunkers.com- image used with permission.] https://www.charlesherrickbooks.com/blog-1-1/the-dd-tanks-of-omaha-beach-c-embarkation-errors monthly 0.5 2025-11-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/a4ef3518-295f-4b9d-a84b-767e75e428b6/DD+Tanks+Embarked+on+LCT.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (c) Embarkation Errors - Make it stand out British Duplex Drive Sherman Tanks with their screens inflated, embarked on a Landing Craft, Tank. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/48433289-3777-4dad-b047-7ddf6efd418a/DD_LCT+Task+Organization+2.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (c) Embarkation Errors - Make it stand out Figure 1. The final task organization for the DD/LCT units on D-Day. Barry was originally located in LCT-537 as indicated by the flag, but was switched to LCT-539 at the last minute. Note that various plans, orders and sources show different division, group and even flotilla numbers for these sets of craft. For simplicity of reference, I have selected the version as shown. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/2bb91fed-4fcc-436c-9eb1-506c28fc311f/Picture1.png.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (c) Embarkation Errors More importantly, those figures speak only to the crew proficiency at launching the tanks. It serves as no indication of the tactical cohesion and proficiency of the individual divisions when operating as a team. One would hope that training had welded the disparate crews together, but that was likely only partly the case. It is important to note that the task organization depicted in Figure 1 was only locked-in during the last half of May, whereas the training at Torcross was largely completed by the end of April. In fact, with the assault group orders not being issued until the last week of May, it is questionable whether any of the DD tank training at Torcross was performed with the LCTs organized into their D-Day task organizations. Which raises the question whether Barry was able to exercise his role as division commander in any meaningful way at any time during training. Perhaps he did, but there are no records that indicate this. Recall RADM Hall’s comment in his Operation NEPTUNE report regarding the state of training leading up to D-Day. Referring to Exercise FABIUS, the 3-6 May final D-Day rehearsal. He stated: https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/15deeb42-d027-419d-8e84-dbf05902bd2b/Naming+Conventions.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (c) Embarkation Errors Speaking the Language https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/0252eb9d-688b-4f78-b652-fa9436f8826f/LCVP+Shallow+Vee.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (c) Embarkation Errors - Make it stand out Figure 2. An extract from Assault Group O-1's Approach Schedule showing the landing formation of the first LCVPs on Easy Red Beach Sector. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/cd54d0bd-fe67-4aef-874d-1853539263a4/Landing+Table.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (c) Embarkation Errors - Make it stand out Figure 3. This detail from the Assault Group O-1 Landing Diagram depicts the intended positions of Barry's LCTs when they were to launch their tanks. (Note: The boxes labelled with 'S's above the diamonds are small craft which were to lead each group of four DD tanks to the beach and provide last moment suppressive fires.) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/2445e02f-91ff-455a-a9d2-9b87aacd9dfc/DD_LCT+Approach+1.png.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (c) Embarkation Errors - Make it stand out Figure 4. The standard LCT approach formation deploying into line abreast, as Lt.(jg) Barry's division would have used on D-Day. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/ca082e5f-6250-40d2-a39b-e9042bd8e5f9/O-1+Lanes+Slide.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (c) Embarkation Errors - Make it stand out Figure 5. The Omaha Assault Area Diagram showing the anticipated approach to the beach (blue) and the final approach route (red) for Barry’s division as directed by the Assault Group O-1 order. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/a86f013f-4218-4696-9d55-85d039a579e7/DD_LCT+Approach+2.png.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (c) Embarkation Errors - Make it stand out Figure 6. Diagram showing the effect of the new approach formation as compared to the specified launching positions. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/4167db12-8ab6-4042-9306-4ec600b4c982/DD_LCT+Approach+3.png.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (c) Embarkation Errors - Make it stand out Figure 7. Diagram showing the revised sailing formation bringing the LCTs into the correct positions. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/8d0761d2-322e-4abb-a8b6-c8dced4ed10c/DD_LCT+Approach+4.png.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (c) Embarkation Errors - Make it stand out Figure 8. Diagram depicting the positions of key Navy and Army leaders resulting from the formation and LCT OIC changes. https://www.charlesherrickbooks.com/blog-1-1/the-duplex-drive-tanks-of-omaha-beach-b-confusion-of-command monthly 0.5 2025-11-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/c0ab2730-500b-4554-9e94-c791afe76f21/80-G-302404_Rear_Admiral_John_L._Hall_Jr.%2C_USN_%28cropped%29.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (b) Confusion of Command - Make it stand out Rear Admiral John L. Hall, USN. Commander, Assault Force “O” (USN 80-G-302404, via NARA) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/9896f2f8-fc9a-4a12-9091-776b3e8f2388/CTF+124+Line+Chart.png Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (b) Confusion of Command - Make it stand out The organizational structure of Rear Admiral Hall’s Assault Force “O” for the Omaha Beach landings. The LCTs carrying the Duplex Drive tanks were divided between CTG 124.3 (Assault Group O-1) and CTG 124.4 (Assault Group O-2). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/aab9b592-f0cb-4e75-9666-54762368adde/Picture1.png.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (b) Confusion of Command - Presumably, MAJ Duncan felt that those risking their lives in the DD tanks would be the men best equipped to decide what risk the sea posed. And that logic is attractive. But it is doubtful that an Army officer who has undergone just one or two weeks of training (which was all the tank company commanders had), half of which did not include open water launching, would be qualified as to what differentiated Force 3 from Force 4 conditions just by sight (Force 3 being the recommended upper limit for safe launches). Moreover, he would be completely unqualified to judge the nature and strength of crosscurrents off the beach, which consideration, as it turns out, was as important a factor in the loss of the DD tanks as were the waves and winds. Clearly these are factors the naval officers would be far more able to judge, and Duncan was in error suggesting the Navy be relieved of the responsibility. Duncan was also in error recommending the decision be solely left to a junior Army officer, as it would turn out, the most senior Army officer afloat with the DD tanks would be a captain. Rockwell’s report included much the same recommendation, but it also revealed the Navy’s reluctance to shoulder any responsibility in the matter. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/d3215d96-2a64-4e76-b027-206c5a9becd6/O-1+and+O-2+Task+Org.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (b) Confusion of Command - Make it stand out Composition of the initial two Assault Groups landing on Omaha Beach. (The Assault Group involved in the landings of the Ranger Task Force is omitted here as they were outside the scope of the DD tank operations.) https://www.charlesherrickbooks.com/blog-1-1/the-duplex-drive-tanks-of-omaha-beach-a-the-ad-hoc-solution monthly 0.5 2025-09-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/4f95380a-f781-4377-a6e9-bb0dff45b481/Picture+1.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (a) Limited Means and Makeshift Solutions - The two groups of LCTs – and their DD tanks – fared much differently. Twenty-nine DD tanks of O-1 were launched between 6,000 and 2500 yards from the beach; 27 sank and only two successfully swam ashore. Three others were delivered directly to the beach. In the O-2 group, the decision was made to bring the DD-tanks all the way into the beach and not have them swim in. The loss of so many DD tanks of the O-1 group was something of a disaster. Although no formal inquiry was conducted, soon enough explanations were put forward and scapegoats identified. The crux of the matter focused on two points: the state of the seas, and exactly who made the decisions to launch. The explanations were pretty much a one-sided affair as the key Army officers involved were soon killed in action or their units were rather more consumed with surviving in the ongoing high-intensity combat, than squabbling about past failures. The Navy, on the other hand, left a complete record of its view of how events transpired, and that one-sided perspective has dominated the historical narrative. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/3c522f7c-0716-4c70-8e0b-ae6c2f872f20/Picture3.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (a) Limited Means and Makeshift Solutions - This is a somewhat bizarre allocation of craft. Considering this would be the very first wave of the landings — carrying in the 64 DD tanks upon which the infantry and engineers would rely so heavily for fire support — not a single veteran craft or crew would be assigned to the task.[5] The naval commander for Force O (the amphibious force conducting the landings at Omaha Beach) was Rear Admiral (RADM) John R. Hall, Jr. As we’ll discuss in later installments, placing the newest craft with greenest crews in the lead waves for the most critical roles was something of a theme in Hall’s planning for NEPTUNE. The two tank battalions embarked in these LCTs were at least two years in service and well trained. Placing their fate in the hands of greenest LCT crews was a gamble.[6] The good news about the selection of these LCTs was that they all came from just two flotillas — excepting just two from a third flotilla — which should have aided cohesion. The bad news was that the flotillas were just as new as their craft and crews, so there was little in the way of organizational cohesion to fall back on. The matter of command effectiveness was complicated by the fact that the leader of the ill-fated LCTs of the O-1 group was from Flotilla 19, while six of the eight LCTs in his group were from Flotilla 26. This did little for continuity of command and would be further complicated when he was directed to switch to another craft in his group late in the game. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/243ae07d-9c02-4086-8767-19635493a126/m4a1-sherman-duplex-drive.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - The Duplex Drive Tanks of Omaha Beach, Part (a) Limited Means and Makeshift Solutions - COL Severne MacLaughlin, (commander of the 3rd Armored Group, to which the 741st and 743rd Tank Battalions belonged) provided an outline for training in a 27 February memo, which initially focused only on his two battalions. The tank companies would arrive without tanks; their DD tanks would be issued at the school as they arrived from the States. MacLaughlin hoped the training could be conducted from 20 March to 4 April assuming the tanks had arrived by then. The training would last five days for each of his two battalions. However, the first 15 DD tanks were not scheduled to arrive until about 15 March, and ten of them were to go to the British. After arrival, the tanks required several modifications (to include “modifications accomplished to struts to avoid sinking vehicles”!), so the initial five tanks might be available for the start of training on 20 March, with the next shipment of 24 DD tanks due to arrive from the states by the start of April.[10] [Images by Dr. Dan Saranga via The-Blueprints.com] https://www.charlesherrickbooks.com/blog-1-1/planning-for-operation-overlord-when-objectives-exceed-resources monthly 0.5 2025-09-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/350492f5-0dd3-4517-916f-c8a515b68382/SHAEF.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Planning for Operation OVERLORD; When Objectives Exceed Resources - Make it stand out Insignia of the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/62c2f757-6c04-4402-a941-17ff00a244cf/LTG+Morgan.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Planning for Operation OVERLORD; When Objectives Exceed Resources - Make it stand out Lieutenant General Sir Frederick E. Morgan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/8906675c-b5e6-46d8-a761-7f92510262c6/COSSAC+Beach+Analysis.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Planning for Operation OVERLORD; When Objectives Exceed Resources - Make it stand out This map was produced by COSSAC to depict the factors that were considered in selecting suitable landing beaches. Their analysis settled on three beaches in the CAEN Sector for the three-plus-two division assault plan. With the expansion to a five division plan, a beach just inside the COTENTIN Sector was added; this would be area of the UTAH landings. https://www.charlesherrickbooks.com/blog-1-1/omaha-beach-in-focus-series-introduction monthly 0.5 2025-03-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/c7b1adb7-d4da-4073-8103-dcef2e0a26d9/d02337a.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Omaha Beach in Focus - Series Introduction - Make it stand out Picture taken by Chief Photographer’s Mate Robert Sargent, of the USS Samuel Chase. Image shows Company A, 16th Infantry, 1st Infantry Division landing on Easy Red Beach Sector, Omaha Beach at 7:40 AM on 6 June 1944. https://www.charlesherrickbooks.com/blog-1-1/destroyers-inshore-support-at-omaha-beach-motion-picture-evidence monthly 0.5 2025-09-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/6962e829-0b28-4d90-8ebd-3fbc4092d014/McCook.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Destroyers’ Inshore Support at Omaha beach - Motion Picture Evidence - Make it stand out Figure 1. The USS McCook, DD 496, showing the configuration of the nine Gleaves-class destroyers of DESRON 18 on D-Day. (NAVSOURCE) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/a2cd6aa8-09bf-431b-8df0-40e7e7d9ba1b/Fire+Support+Lanes.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Destroyers’ Inshore Support at Omaha beach - Motion Picture Evidence - Make it stand out Figure 2. This illustration shows the organization of the various naval control measures off Omaha Beach. Note the fire support areas. The destroyers generally operated from within these lanes. (Morison) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/f0e0d2cf-0c1d-4ab4-bbd5-3a124fa03515/303_346_LD137_destroyerDogWhite_l.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Destroyers’ Inshore Support at Omaha beach - Motion Picture Evidence - Make it stand out Figure 3. A destroyer off Dog White beach sector. This photo has been associated with the fire mission conducted by the USS Harding to demolish the bell tower of the church in Vierville in the belief the Germans were using it as an observation post. The request supposedly had been passed from an Army colonel to the captain of LCT 538 who passed it on to the Harding. After approval from higher, at 2:13 PM the Harding expended 40 rounds, destroying the tower and causing friendly casualties. The area was already in the hands of the Rangers and no Germans were in the tower. This is an excellent example of how confusing combat can be, and especially when using naval gunfire to support troops ashore. A similar incident occurred at the opposite end of Omaha Beach when naval shelling struck Colleville, which was already occupied by Company C, 16th RCT. Numerous friendly casualties resulted. Although the Harding appears to be close inshore in this photo this is a bit deceptive, as the relative sizes of the Harding and of the burning Landing Craft, Infantry (LCI) and beached LCT indicate. (Omaha Beach - Vierville) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/a1ef809e-3227-460a-a1c3-1875ad6e03b2/65675051420_000115+adj.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Destroyers’ Inshore Support at Omaha beach - Motion Picture Evidence - Make it stand out Figure 4. This image comes from a frame of motion picture film taken aboard an LCT by Technical Sergeant (TSGT) Val Pope, a US Army combat cameraman belonging to the 165th Signal Photo Company. Outlined in blue is the distinctive shape of a Gleaves-class destroyer. It’s impossible to tell from this image how close to shore it is, but it is well inshore of the landing craft seen gathered here, which are seaward of the Line of Departure (4000 yards from the shore). Outlined in red is the distinctive black smoke column of high-explosive shell detonations. (Critical Past) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/5219a5d0-d4ab-406e-a52b-426910ce48db/65675051420_000161+adj.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Destroyers’ Inshore Support at Omaha beach - Motion Picture Evidence - Make it stand out Figure 5. Taken from a frame just 2 seconds after Figure 4, the camera has panned to the right. The destroyer (again in blue) is now in the left side of the frame. The film coincidentally catches a salvo of naval shells impacting at the far left of the frame before the camera quickly pans away. Note this is not the same area as the black smoke seen in Figure 4. (Critical Past) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/f1c4fd1b-36d0-4387-b024-c2a5de35ee3f/65675051420_000391+adj.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Destroyers’ Inshore Support at Omaha beach - Motion Picture Evidence - Make it stand out Figure 6. A closer view of the destroyer in action. In the background is the same stretch of bluffs, showing signs of recent shellfire. Some time has passed since the sequence in Figure 5 was filmed, as indicated by the changed smoke patterns. (Critical Past) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/67228e27a07f6748548a327b/f0d09963-6c56-4ce0-bf9a-dcf3290501fd/65675051420_001242.jpg Omaha Beach Posts - Destroyers’ Inshore Support at Omaha beach - Motion Picture Evidence - Make it stand out Figure 7. In this image taken from the film’s 55 second mark, a destroyer - perhaps the same one in previous sequences - is moving out to sea and is in the vicinity of the Line of Departure (which was 4000 yards from the beach) or beyond. The second and third gun turrets (mounts 52 and 53 in US Navy terminology) are still trained fore and aft respectively, while the front and rear turrets (mounts 51 and 54) are trained to starboard, and may still be in the process of a fire mission. 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